The oculomotor system has two main goals: acquiring accurate fixation with both eyes and preventing slippage of images on the retina. These goals are accomplished by six different types of movements including fixation, smooth pursuit, saccade, vestibulo-ocular, optokinetic, and vergence (2,3). Coordinating these different eye movements purposefully and simultaneously with exact time and accuracy, requires an extensive neural network integrating information for purposeful directions (frontal lobe), perception of space (posterior parietal cortex), velocity and step commands (vestibular system/brainstem), visual processing (occipital lobe), and trajectory and accuracy (cerebellum) (2-8).

VOG is designed to detect subtle ocular motility abnormalities which may be spontaneous or induced, yielding valuable information regarding not only the location of a potential dysfunction, but also gives insight to potential behavioral, spatial orientation, cognitive (1,9), coordination, or equilibrium issues (2-9).

Eye movement assessments may also contribute, but are not limited, to the identification of patients with potential cognitive impairments (5), neurodevelopment disorders (6), neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) (7) and those patients who may be susceptible to developing post-concussion syndrome (PCS) following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) (8).